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Causes of heart palpitations
Heart palpations can have a wide range of causes that include strong emotions, medications, and lifestyle factors. In some cases, they can be caused by a medical condition affecting your heart or another part of your body.
Hearates that 16 percentTrusted Source of visits to a doctor are because of heart palpitations. They’re also the second most common reason that people visit a cardiologist — a doctor who specializes in the heart.
Possible causes of heart palpitations include:
Lifestyle triggers
strenuous exercise
excess caffeine or alcohol use
nicotine from tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars
lack of sleep
dehydration
smoking
Emotional or psychological triggers
stress
anxiety
fear
panic
shock
Drugs and medications
over-the-counter (OTC) medications, including cold and cough medications, herbal supplements, and nutritional supplements
prescription medications such as asthma inhalers
stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine
Heart conditions
Although heart palpitations can be harmlessTrusted Source, they can also be an indication of an underlying heart condition, such as:
arrhythmia, or an irregular heart rhythm
abnormal heart valves
heart disease
congestive heart failure
Other medical conditions
hormone changes due to pregnancy or menopause
overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism
fever
sleep apnea
electrolyte abnormalities
low levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood
blood loss
anemia
low blood sugar.
Treatment
Depends on the cause of your palpitations. Your doctor will need to address any underlying medical conditions.
Sometimes, doctors aren’t able to find the cause. Heart palpations usually don’t require treatment unless your doctor finds they’re caused by an underlying condition.
If your palpitations don’t have a medical cause, you may be able to reduce symptoms by:
Managing stress and anxiety. Including relaxation techniques in your weekly routine may help reduce heart palpations caused by stress or anxiety. There are many options, but some popular options include:
physical activity
breathing exercises
yoga
tai chi
meditation
biofeedback
Avoiding stimulants. Try to avoid or minimize your intake of caffeine. Some illegal drugs like cocaine and ecstasy are stimulants that can cause heart palpitations. Also ask your doctor whether any of your prescription medications contain stimulants that could cause heart palpitations.
Watching your diet. Low blood sugar can increase your risk of heart palpations. Replacing sugar and other simple carbs with complex carbs may help keep your blood sugar levels stable. For instance, try to swap sugary sodas, baked goods, and fruit juice concentrates with whole grains and fresh fruit and vegetables.
Changing medications. If you think your medications are contributing to your palpitations, talk with your doctor about alternatives. However, don’t stop taking any medication without first talking with your doctor.
Quitting smoking if you smoke. In a review of studies published in 2018, researchers found evidence that people who smoke are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, the most common cause of arrhythmia.
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