What are the 6 essential nutrients?

Essential nutrients are crucial in supporting a person’s reproduction, good health, and growth. These essential nutrients are divided into two categories: micronutrients and macronutrients.

Micronutrients are nutrients that a person needs in small doses. Micronutrients consist of vitamins and minerals. Although the body only needs small amounts of them, a deficiency can cause ill health.

Macronutrients are nutrients that a person needs in larger amounts. Macronutrients include water, protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

Vitamins are micronutrients that offer a range of health benefits, including:

boosting the immune system
helping prevent or delay certain cancers, such as prostate cancer
strengthening teeth and bones
aiding calcium absorption
maintaining healthy skin
helping the body metabolize proteins and carbs
supporting healthy blood
aiding brain and nervous system functioning

There are 13 essential vitamins that nutritionists divide into two groups: fat soluble and water soluble.

Fat soluble vitamins are:

vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K
Water soluble vitamins are:

vitamin B-1 (thiamine)
vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin)
vitamin B-6
vitamin B-2 (riboflavin)
vitamin B-5 (pantothenic acid)
vitamin B-3 (niacin)
vitamin B-9 (folate, folic acid)
vitamin B-7 (biotin)
vitamin C
Typically, a person who eats a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins can get all the vitamins they need in their food. However, those who eat less fruit and vegetables, and those with digestive conditions may need to take a vitamin supplement to reduce or avoid a deficiency.

Minerals
Minerals are the second type of micronutrients. There are two groups of minerals: major and trace minerals. The body needs a balance of minerals from both groups for optimal health.

Major minerals are:

magnesium
calcium
phosphorus
sulfur
sodium
potassium
chloride
Major minerals help the body to do the following:

balance water levels
maintain healthy skin, hair, and nails
improve bone health.